High-speed photoelectric transmitter



Aug. 21, 1951 M. POTTS 2,565,265

HIGH-SPEED PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSMITTER Fi'led June 20, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet l w/m' A INVENTOR.

LOUIS M. POTTS, DECEASED MARTHA W. C. POTTS, EXECUTRIX ATTORNEY Aug. 21, 1951 M. POTTS 2,565,266

HIGH-SPEED PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSMITTER Filed June 20, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. LOUIS M. POTTS, DECEASED L MARTHA w. c. POTTS,EXECUTR|X I BY ATTORNEY Aug. 21, 1951 L. M. POTTS HIGH-SPEED PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSMITTER 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 20, 1947 FIG. 9

RELAY I29 RELAY I32 6 6 T E N G A M MAGNET 83 D wm am R. U 0 U R m T C X m M E E 1 m s G w m& T H w m .Tmfik F N P C Mw f H mm L m M FIG. II

E ATTORNEY Aug. 21, 1951 L. M. POTTS HIGHSPEED PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSMITTER Filed June 20, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. LOUIS M. POTTS, DECEASED MARTHA W. C. POTTS, EXECUTRIX BY Z1 Wan-M,

ATTORNEY Aug. 21, 1951 L. M. POTTS 2,565,266

HIGH-SPEED PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSMITTER Filed June 20, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 RECTIFIER AND FILTER FIG. l2 INVENTOR.

LOUIS M. POTTS, DECEASED MARTHA W. C. POTTS, EXECUTRIX BY WM ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 21, 1951 HIGH-SPEED PHOTOELECTRIC TRAN SMITTER' Louis M. Potts, deceased, late of Evanston, 111., by Martha W. C. Potts, executrix, Evanston, Ill., assignor to Teletype Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware Application June20, 1947, Serial No. 755,855

-15 Claims. 1

' The present invention relate to telegraph transmitting apparatus, and more particularly to telegraph transmitters of the photoelectric variety.

In previously telegraph transmitters of this type it has been the custom to provide scanning drums for interpreting the code signals which makes necessary the synchronizing of the record bearing the code signals and feed marks and the rotation of the drums. Such a transmitter has been devised successfully, as exemplified in United States Patent No. 2,397,202, issued on March 26, 1947, to L. M. Potts. However, the addition of synchronization equipment necessarily increases the amount of parts, the number of moving elements, and the resultant cost of construction of the apparatus.

Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric transmitter which operates continuously, the feed of the record indicia determining whether the transmitter operates idly or transmits signals, such feed being automatic.

A second object of the present invention is to provide such a transmitter for transmitting code signals of the simplex (start-stop) variety.

Another object of the invention is to provide a photoelectric transmitter having as few moving parts as possible and subject to low cost of construction.

A further object of the invention is to provide a start-stop photoelectric telegraph transmitter provided with a continuous motion, the indicia record only having a start-stop movement.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a start-stop photoelectric transmitter utilizing a single photocell only.

Another object of the invention is to provide photoelectric transmitters operating from refiected light.

Yet another objectof the invention is to provide a single photocell start-stop transmitter, the single photocell controlling both signal transmission and indicia record advancement.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a start-stop photoelectric transmitter wherein the indicia record is advanced during the stop impulse interval only when the consecutive characters have a normal spacing, but wherein advancement occurs during any portion of the transmission cycle when consecutive characters are abnormally far apart.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric telegraph transmitter wherein the scanning occurs while the indicia reco d is iq r In general, the photoelectric transmitter comprises a constantly rotating scanning disc, 2. light source and light reflecting mechanism, an indicia record having both signal and feed control code indicia, and means to advance the indicia record intermittently, the code scanning occurring during stationary conditions of the record.

The embodiment of such a transmitter provides a single photocell start-stop code signal transmitter, the single photocell controlling both signal transmission and indicia record advancement.

While specific objects of the invention and a brief general description of the apparatus has been given above, a more complete understandin thereof may be had by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a startstop transmitter, partly in cross section, with certain portions broken away;

Fig. 2 is a rear elevational View of the transmitter shown in Fig. 1, certain of the parts only being illustrated;

Fig. 3 is a top View of the transmitter shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the transmitter shown in Fig 1;

Fig. 5 is a detailed view of a light shield and shutter utilized in the invention;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing a different operating position of the elements;

Figs. 7 and 8 show portions of two diiferent Width indicia records which may be utilized in the apparatus;

Fig. 9 is a timing diagram showing the operational relation between certain of the elements and the code signal intervals.

Fig. 10 is a schematic electrical circuit of the transmitter, showing certain of the mechanical elements diagrammatically;

Fig. 11 is a different type of scanning disc which may be utilized in the apparatus; and

Fig. 12 is a schematic electrical circuit similar to Fig. 10 but which is utilized with the scanning disc shown in Fig. 11.

Referring now specifically to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, the mechanical elements of the startstop photoelectric transmitter may be seen more in detail, certain unnecessary elements such as brackets, etc., being eliminated in order to simplify the understanding of the apparatus. With reference to Fig. 4 it may be seen that the apparatus comprises a base portion H to which are secured at right angles a vertically extending bearing bracket l2 and a plate l3. The bearing bracket l2 supports suitably a shaft M which has a gear I6 fastened securely to its rightward. extremity. The gear l6 meshes with a companion gear l'l fastened securely to a shaft 18 which is connected to a motor drive. Thus, the continuously operating motor (not shown) imparts continuous rotation to its shaft IS, the gear ll, the meshing gear [6, and to the shaft id.

The shaft I4 is also provided with a pair of cams I9 and 2|, the function of which will be described more in detail later, a gear 22 and at the leftward extremity with a scanning disc 23 which is connected to rotate with the shaft l4 through a connecting plate 24.

The scanning disc 23 may be more readily understood by reference to Fig. 2 wherein it is illustrated as a solid disc having transparent or cutout portions. The cutout portions are utilized for the scanning of an indicia record and in the use of the well known Baudot five unit code with added stop and start intervals. The disc 23 is provided with a start impulse scan n portion 26, a No. 1 impulse scanning portion 21, a No. 2 impulse scanning portion 28 a feed scanning portion 29, a No. 3 impulsescanning portion 3!, a No. 4 impulse scanning portion ligand a No. 5 impulse scanning portion 33,.

As mentioned previously, the. enumerated scanning portionsare transparent or. openin s in the disc 23 with the, feed scanning portion 29, being continuous through the 360 of the disc, whereas the remaining scanning portions are each approximately /7 angular distance of the disc. It. is to be noted that for practical or manufacturing purposes it would appear to be preferable to make the various scanning portions. of the. disc 23 of transparent material.

As was previously mentioned with respect to Fig. 4, a gear 22' is :providedon the shaft it for continuous rotation with the. shaft. The gear 22 meshes with a gear 34. which is. fastened securely to a suitably journaled shaft 36. which is provided near its opposite extremity with a gear 37, Figs. 2 and 3. The gear 31 meshes with a gear 38 which is provided near the extremity of a suitably journaled shaft. 39. to. which it. imparts continuous rotation. Secured to the opposite extremity of the shaft 39. is a continuouslyrotating tape advancing roll 4t, as. illustratedmost clearly in Figs. 1, 5, and 6.. 7

It may be seen from the description above that all of the moving elements so. far described are continuously rotating, which include the scanning disc 23 and the tape advancing roll 4 It might be mentioned at this point that the tape will not be advanced continuously even though the roll 4| rotates continuously, for a reason which will be described and become apparent hereinafter.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it may be seen that a light source indicated generally by the numeral 42 is provided above the tape feed roll 4| andwhich includes a light bulb 43, a condensing lens 44, and a cylindrical lens 46 so arranged that light from the source 43 will be concentrated on the tape feed roll 4| or tape passing thereover at a scanning point which is a transverse line of relatively small width, the entire width of the tape when in position. It should be noted that the light at the scanningpoint should be of sufficient Width so that the code marks on the tape to the extent of at least; one character are illuminated. It should also be noted that the light source 42 is made adjustable in order that the illumination at the scanning point may be focused to a desired sharpness. It is, of course, obvious that the various outer elements of the light source 42 should be lighttight. The light source may be either an incandescent bulb energized from a direct current source, or a strobescopic tube of high brilliancy energized by a high audible frequency source for tone transmission through the photoelectric and amplifier system, for operation per Fig. 12.

With reference now to Figs. 1 and 4, it may be seen, particularly in Fig. 1, that the light reflected from the tape or feed roll 4| will be directed to an optical arrangement indicated generally by the numeral 41, which is also lighttight. The optical arrangement includes a pair of lenses 48 and 49 which preferably form a photographic lens of the rectilinear type. The lenses are mounted in movable rings 5i and 52, respectively. A rotatable ring 53 is provided outside of the two rings just. describedwhich is held from axial motion by a pin 54 in a groove in the optical arrangement 41. The rings 51 and 52- carry pins 56 which fit into sloping slots in thering 53. As a result of the arrangement just described, when the ring 53 is moved by its outer knurled portion 51, the-.lenses-48 and 49 are moved equal amounts in an axial direction. for focusing purposes.

Also provided. in the optical. arrangement 41 and near the top thereof is a-prism 5B whichis provided to receive light from the lens 43 and 49 and reflect it at right. angles, as may be; under-- The movement.

stood by reference to Fig. 4. which may be imparted to the lens. and 49: de-

scribed above is utilizedin order that a sharp image may be thrown on theprism 58,;the focal distance being changed by movement of the lens. Thus, the image. east to andby the prism 5:; may remain constant.

As previously mentioned a. plate l3 is provided adjacent the scanning else 23 to. .which the optical arrangement 41 is securech Theplate 1:3 is provided with a narrow slot. 59; which is aligned with. the focal plane of: the reflectingprism :58.

and will follow a portion of a radius of. the. disc 23.. The slot 59. is; preferably formed with sloping sides and if desired may/be. separated intoseven.

equal portions sothat the reflected light from the prism 58 will sharply focus on theseanning. disc 23'.

Secured firmly on the opposite. side ofthescanning disc 23 from the plate 13. is. a. photocell 6t,

Fig. 1, which is. preferably-of the multiplier type,

which as is well known in the art, comprises; a

plurality of internal: elements so that. there is a.

relatively large output of thetube; from a small amount. of light.

Immediately above the tape feed roll? M is.- a.

lever 62 which is mounted pivotally oma shaft. 63 which, in turmis journaledin some-suitable manner, not shown. The lever'fil hasa downwardly extending portion 64 "which serves as the armature of' a magnet '66 and-whichisnormally biased in a clockwise direction byaspring 61 when the'magnet is not energized. The lever vided with a brake portion or brake shoe SS -which" is provided so that when the magnet 66 is notf 5. energized and the spring 81 urges the lever 62. in its normal clockwise direction the brake shoe 69 will engage the record form or tape against a plate H and thus prevent further advancement thereof.

Thus, it may be seen from the above, and as was previously mentioned, that despite the fact that the tape feed roll 4| is rotating continuously the only time that the tape or record form passing thereover will be advanced is when the pressure roll 68 is brought in engagement with the feed roll 4| through the counterclockwise rotation of the lever 62 under the control of the magnet 66.

Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, it may be seen that closely adjacent the feed roll 4| there is provided a shield 72 which is held in place by some suitable means as close to the roll 4| as possible but not in engagement therewith. The shield 12 is provided with a transverse slot 13 as may be seen most clearly in Fig. 5. The inclusion of the light shield 12 with its traversely extending slot 13, the slot corresponding to the point at which the light source 42 directs the light beam against the feed roll 4|, is to limit the extent or width of light which will be reflected from the feed roll 4| or the tape passing thereover. It might be noted, however, that the light shield 12 is not absolutely necessary for successful operation of the apparatus because of the slot 59 having angular sides being formed in the plate l3, as previously mentioned. Thus, the latter will result in the proper width light being reflected to the scanning disc 23 and thus under this condition the light shield 12 may be omitted completely if desired.

Also with reference to Figs. 5 and 6, it may be seen that a shutter 14 is mounted adjacent the light shield 12, if used, or otherwise as close to the tape on the feed roll 4| as possible, in such a manner as to receive small rotational movement. The shutter 14 extends across the entire width of the feed roll 4| and is provided with a notch 16, a square cutout portion 11, and an extending lug 18. The utility of the shutter 14 and its various openings and lug will be described more fully hereinafter. The shutter 14 is provided with a spring 19, Fig. 1, which tends normally to rotate the shutter in a clockwise direction, which is comparable to the position shown in Fig. 5. The shutter 14 is also provided with an operating lever 8| which is mounted pivotally at 82 and which also serves as the armature of a magnet 83. Thus, at such time as the magnet 83 is energized the lever 8| will be rotated in a clockwise direction causing counterclockwise rotation to be imparted to the shutter 14, moving it to an operated position such as is illustrated in Fig. 6.

As has been mentioned many times, hereinbefore, the apparatus operates from a tape, such as tape 84 illustrated in Figs. 5. 6, and 8. This tape is provided with eight separate zones extending transversely thereacross, one corresponding to a feed zone, five corresponding to impulse zones of a five unit code, the seventh corresponding to a start impulse interval and the eighth corresponding to a comparison zone, the utility of which will be described more fully hereinafter. It should be noted, however, that it is possible to use a tape such as illustrated in Fig. '7 wherein six zones only are provided and which correspond to a feed zone and the five impulse zones of the five unit Baudot code. As will be described hereinafter in the event that a tape is used such as illustrated in Fig. 7, a portion of the feedroll 4| will also'be scanned to. provide the difierenceof theiseventhv and eighth zones, as mentioned with respect to tape 84.

It should also be noted that mention has been made of a comparison zone with the remark that such would be described more fully hereinafter. Theuse of such a comparison zone is for use in one embodimentof an electrical circuit, namely that shown in Fig. 12, and will be described at the time of description of thatfigure. The electrical circuitillustrated in Fig. 10 operates from the scanning ofqthe various zones described above but with an omission of the use of a comparison zone, as also will-bedescribed at the time of discussion of Fig. 10.

As was also previously mentioned the shaft I4 was provided with a pair of cams l9 and 2|.

The two cams l9 and 2| are provided with cam' followers 86 and 81, respectively, which are pivotally mounted on a common shaft 88, Figs. 2 and 3, and which have extending portions which control contact pile-ups such as indicated generally as 89 in Fig. l. The contact pile-ups will be described more fully at the time of discussion of the electrical circuit and so it is only deemed necessary at this point to mention that at such time as the high portion of either of cams l9 or 2| engage the associated cam follower levers 86 and 81, respectively, such levers will be operated to result in pressure being applied to the associated contact pile-up such as 89, with the ,resultant opening or closure of individual contacts therein.

The above description has indicated specifically the various elements forming the present invention with the exception that no mention has been made of the particular electrical circuits utilized. It is deemed desirable, however, prior to a description of the particular electrical circuit and the operation thereof to describe the operational details of the mechanical elements as set forth hercinbefore. During such description itis to be remembered, as has also been brought forth previously, that the shaft 14, and

thus the cams I9 and 2|, and the scanning disc 23, will be constantly rotating as will be feed roll 4L, It should be remembered, however, also as previously described, that even though the feed roll 4| rotates continuously the tape passing thereover is not moved continuously but instead is only moved at such time as the pressure roll 68, Fig. 1, is pressed into engagement with the feed roll 4| throughthe energization of the magnet 66.

However, assuming that the tape 84 is in position on the tape roll 4|, such as is shown in Fig. ,5, with the shutter 14 in its normal or extreme clockwise position, the light from the light source 42 will 'be directed to the scanning point, as defined by the slot 13 in the light shield 12 and therethrough against a transverse portion of the tape 84 corresponding to a single code signal. It should be noted by referring to the code marks on the tape and the shutter 14 that in the position shown in Fig( 5, the lug 18 will prevent the scanning of the code marks 91 which are indicative of tape feed control marks. Thus, as the light is reflected or not reflected from the five code zones, thestart zone and the comparison zone through the optical arrangement 41 and that even. though there isma reflection of the entire five code impulse intervals and the start and comparison zones through the opening 59 in the plate l3, all will not be reflected through the scanning disc 23 to the photocell 6| at the same .time because the disc,- Fig. 2,- is provided with transparent portions or slots 26 to 329, inclusive, and 3| to 33, inclusive, as has been previously described. Thus,- even though the light for the entire code signal is reflected to the: disc 23, it will be broken by the disc so that at the time the transparent portion 21 passes the opening 59 the photocell 6| will be activated inaccordance with the code coinb'ina-tion on the tape 84 for the No. l impulse only. As thedisc 23 rotates further and the various other transparent portions pass the slot 59, the other code signals will cause the photocell 6| to be acti'-' vated inaccordanc'e with whether they are. of a marking or spacing nature, i. e., whether there in a black or white code spot on the tape 84 at that particular point. Itsl'iould be remembered that it was mentioned that the circuit disclosed in Fig. 10 did not depend on the use of a comparison zone and as the scanning disc illustrated in Fig. 2 is for utilization of the electrical circuit, Fig. 10, no provision is made for the scanning of a comparison zone. The use of the comparison zone will be described in the description of the scanning dies illustrated in Fig. ll and the-electrical circuit utilized therewith of Fig. 12. Thus, for this adaptation the tape may. omit the com parison zone completely.

During the scanning which is described'ior the disc 23, it should be remembered that the lug 18 of the shutter 14' precluded .any'scanning of the zone on the tape 84 corresponding to th'e feed marks 9 I. It is desirable tomention at this pointthat the lug 18 should be provided with ablack: surface so that when a feed mark 9| is covered by the lug 78 light will not be reflected through the feed scanning zone 29 of the scanning disc 23. The utility disc 23. Theutility for such twill be understood with respect to a discussion of the electrical circuit utilized in the apparatus.

Assuming now that the magnet' 83 has been energized causing the shutter Mf' to move" to the position shown in Fig. 6, its'liould benotedthatthe shutter 74 nowprevents the scanning of the tape portion corresponding to the co'deimpulses" because the metal portion of the" shutterhas} closed over the openingl3 mane lightshield 12 or if no light shield is" provided; has blocked scanning of the tape at the scanning point, However, in the position shown in Fig. 6, the openings 11 and T6 or the shutter 14' do'allow portions of the tape M-t'o be scanned wmcuebr respond to the feed marks-9| and the start" and comparison zones illustrated at; the right-hand margin of the tape 84 in Figs. 5 and 6, as indicated in Fig. 8. Thus; under this conditionthe' scanning disc 23 will only be able to activate the photocell 6| in accordancewiththe-fe'ed' marks 9| and the start impulse in the scanning disc used in Fig. 2 or the feed mark, start'zon e -andj theinclusion of a start interval. lfreferen'ce-is made to Fig. 2 it may beseen that theren'o transparent portion in a separate zone between thezonesifi and 33 of the scanning disc .23. Such is provided to produce a stop impulse in: terval inthe start-stop telegraph code as will become apparent-from. the description of the electrical circuit accompanying the apparatus.

As the operation otthe mechanical elements have been described. above in order to illustrate how the tape is scanned to transfer from black and white portions thereof a limited or greater activation of the photocell 6| respectively, itis not believed necessary to further mention the mechanical details but instead to now describe the electrical circuit utilized in the present apparatus and the actual transmission of the scanned code signals over a signaling channel. It is,.of co'ursai'obvio'us that further description of mechanical parts will be made where necessaryv to the operation of the electrical circuit.

It should be noted with respect to the tape used, such as 84', that the provision of code marks on the. tape corresponding to the five code impulse intervals is not new,- the mechanism for the preparation of such a tape being described in U. S. Patent No. 2,284,679, issued on June 2, 1942,- to' L. M. Potts. Further, the necessary mechanism for modifying the just described patent to include a tape feed print mark was described in U. S. Patent No. 2,397,202, issued on March 26; 1946, to L. M. Potts. Both of these patents are incorporatedherein to the extent of the preparation of tape necessary for the operation of the present apparatus.

The electrical circuit for utilization with the scanning disc-23 illustrated in Fig. 2 is disclosed fully in Fig. 10 .and will be now described, the various circuits being traced as the necessity arises.

Generally, the circuit utilizes the multiplier photocell 6|, previously described, which will be activated in accordance with the operation of the scanning disc 23,'a1so as described. It should be noted that'th'e present photocell 6| is respon sive' to reflected light and Will be fully activated when a white zone is being scanned and will be less activatedwh'en a black zone is being scanned. The operation-of the present circuit depends, as will be described, on the changes from white to black or black to white scanning.

Specifically, the photocell which operates in a manner well: known in the art; receives potential from a battery 92 and has its output circuit connected to the grid'ttof an amplifier vacuum tube 94'; The cathode 9% of the tube 94 re ce'ivesbiasi'ng potential from a battery 91', the anode" 9!? being connected to the battery through the primary" of a transformer indicated generally by'the numeral- 99.

Describing the operation of the photocell and amplifier tubes, as a white portion of tape is beings'cannedi; the phototube 6| will be activated to a'large extent,- resulting in a conducting circuit from battery- 92; which results in the grid 93}- or the amplifiertube 94 being biased nega tively with respect-to the cathode 96. As a r'esuit-of such potential difference, the tube94' will not conduct this time; Conversely to the above description, if the scanning disc 23 is scanning" a-=b"lack portion of tape 34,- the photocellBI Will -not ble activated greatly, resulting in a less negative potential on the grid 93 of'the tube 94 thus'allowingthe tube 94 to become con-' ducting. Itwill' beunderstood by those skilled in the art that-when a steady state" condition of current reached in the prirhary of transformer 99 such as causedbyeither a blachor'whitearea being scanned, the voltage induced in the secondary of transformer 99 drops to zero. However, the change in primary current occasioned by a transition from white to black or vice versa induces a transient voltage in the secondary, which has a polarity depending upon the relative direction of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer 99. The secondary terminals are so poled that a positive pulse appears on a rectifier I06 on a black to white scanning transition, and on a rectifier I02 on a white to black scanning transition.

The secondary of the transformer 99 is grounded at its midpoint and is connected through the rectifier I02 to a grid I03 of a gas tube I04. The opposite side of the secondary of the transformer 99 is connected through the rectifier I06 to a grid I01 of a gas tube I08. The rectiflers I02 and I06 deliver the positive pulses to the grids I03 and I03, respectively, when a transition causes an impulse to either of the rectifiers.

The rectiflers I02 and I06 are so poled as to conduct positive pulses and to reject negative pulses from the grids I03 and I01.

An equalizing potentiometer I is provided for equalizing grid voltage pulse amplitudes on the grids I03 and I01, and a return path to ground. The grids I03 and IN are initially biased negatively with respect to their associated cathodes by means of a positive voltage applied to the individual cathodes from the battery I09 through the cathode biasing potentiometer I00 adjustable to the optimum value for stable operation of thyratrons. It may be noted that the grid II" is biased higher than the grid I03 to preclude the tube I08 from firing initially, and to permit the tube I04 to conduct upon application of anode voltage. It will be understood that suflicient time delay may be introduced to allow the grid potentials to reach the correct value prior to application of anode voltage, by any of the means well known in the art.

The gas tubes I04, I08 are arranged in pushpull relation, both deriving operating potential from a battery I09. The anodes of the two tubes I 04 and I 08 are connected with a commutating transformer III therebteween so that upon one of the tubes becoming conducting, bucking current will be set up in the commutating transformer, which serves to reduce the anode potential of the opposite tube to a sufliciently low value to cause that tube to be extinguished. The use of such push-pull relation tubes and commutating effect therebetween is not new but is known in the art.

The output circuit of the tube I04 passes through the commutating transformer III, through the winding of a relay I I2 and back to battery I09 through an adjustable tap of a potentiometer II3.

It is believed feasible to describe the remainder of the circuit of Fig. 10 in the description of the operation of the entire system, rather than detailedly, as has been done above.

As an assumption is made that the apparatus is in a nonoperating condition and that a switch, not shown, is moved to its on position, the apparatus will be started into operation. Such initiation of operation will result in the starting of the motor to drive the scanning disc 23 and feed roll H and, although not shown, includes the biasing of the grid I03 of the tube I04 to a sufiiciently low value to allow the tube to become conducting. Such initiation of operation of a tube is not new in the art but may be seen by reference to copending application Serial No. 596,295, filed on May 28, 1945, in the name of T. A. Hanson, wherein such occurs to initiate operation of an electronic distributor.

As a result of tube I04 becoming conducting (and because it is a gas tube, it will continue to conduct), and due to the increased current through the cathode resistor the bias voltage is increased to a point where if the tube I04 is extinguished by the firing of the tube I08 it will not immediately refire spontaneously, but will fire only in response to a positive pulse received on the grid I03. A circuit is established which may be traced from the anode of the tube I04, through one winding of the commutating transformer I I I, through the winding of the relay I I2, through the potentiometer I I3 and to the cathode circuit and battery I09. Relay II2 will energize.

As the result of the energization of relay H2 and the subsequent attraction of its armature I I4, a circuit is established which may be traced from grounded battery II6, over a conductor II! to junction point II8, over a conductor II9, through the attracted armature II4, over a conductor I2I to junction point I22 and thence over a signaling channel I23 to a remotely located receiver I24 of any desired type. Under this condition, there is established the well known marking on the line condition, which is used normally in telegraph practice when no code signals are being transmitted to hold the start-stop receiver I24 in an unoperated condition.

During this time the scanning disc 23 will be operating, but inasmuch as the portion underlying the tape of the feed roll 4I is painted black and thuswill not reflect light, there are no impulses in the transformer 99 as a result of a transition from white to black or black to white. It should also be noted that under this condition the lever 62 will be in its normal, unoperated position biased by its spring 61 to cause the brake shoe 69 to engage the plate II with the pressure roll 68 not in tape feeding engagement with the feed roll 4I; also, the shutter 14 will be in its normal, unoperated position biased by its spring I9 to allow reflection of the code impulses through the slot I3 as shown in Fig. 5. However, as no tape is in the apparatus at this time and as the feed roll 4| is black, as previously mentioned, nothing will occur other than as described.

If it is now assumed that a piece of tape is placed in the apparatus, which has a white portion at the start thereof, the resulting transition of a scanning from black to white will result, as previously described, in the tube I08 becoming conducting and extinguishing the tube I04 through the commutating transformer I I I, The efiect of tube I 08 becoming conducting is only to extinguish the tube I04, which results in the circuit previously traced through the winding of relay I I2 being broken and thus allowing the relay II2 to de-energize, with its armature II4 moving to its unattracted position.

Immediately upon the armature I I4 moving to its unattracted position, a circuit is conditioned partly which may be traced from grounded battery I I6, over the conductor I H to junction point II8, over the conductor I I9, through the unat tracted armature II4, over a conductor I26 to junction point I21, and thence over either of conductors I28 or I29 to the open contact I3I at unattracted armature I32 of a relay I33 or to the open contact pair I34. Thus, no circuit is actually established at this time.

At such time, however, as the shaft It is advanced to a point coinciding to a stop impulse condition the cams I9 and 2| will be positioned. with their high portions urging their associated follower levers 85 and 8? in counterclockwise directions, respectively, about the shaft 88.

A result of such movement to the follower 8? results ina contact pair I33 being closed, thereby establishing a circuit from grounded battery II 6, over a conductor I3'I to junction point I33, through the closed contact pair I33, over a conductor I39 to a junction point I l-i, over a conductor I42, through the left-hand winding of the relay I33 over a conductor Hi3 and through the winding of a relay I44 to ground. The relays I33- and I44 will both energize.

Simultaneously, the follower 8'! will also cause a contact pair I45 to be closed, establishing an electrical circuit from the battery H3, over the conductor I31 to the junction point I33, through the closed contact pair M5, over a conductor I46 and through the right-hand winding of a double wound relay I41 to ground. The relay I41 will energize and; attract its armature I43.

At the same time the follower 83 will cause contact pair I34 to close, which allows the previously'described conditioned circuit to conductor I29 to be extended through the closed, contact pair I34, over a conductor I43 to junction point I51, over a conductor I52, through the left-hand winding of the relay I41, through the attracted armature I48 to junction point I4I and thence over conductor I42, through the left-hand Wind'- ing' of the relay I33 and over the conductor I33, through the winding of relay I44 to ground. However, relays I33 and 14s are already ener gized.

The energization of the relay I33 results. in an attraction of its armatures I32, I53 and I54. The attraction of the armature I32 completes the previously'described conditioned circuit, extending it from the conductor I23, through the armature I32, through the contact I3I, and thence over a conductor I56 to junction point II, from whence relays I33 and I44 are energized, all as described through the closure of contact pair I34. As the two relays I33 and I44, are already energized this has no efiect at this time. The result of, the attraction of the. armatures I53 and ISA will be described hereinafter.

It might also be noted that even though. the contact pair I45 is. opened shortly after its closure, the relay I4? will not de-energize at this time as it, is held energized by the circuit traced throughthe attracted. armature I32 and its left.- hand windin Thus, as long as the armature H34. remains, in, its unattracted position and the relay I33 remains energized the relay I41 will likewise remain, energized.

As. a, result of the energization of the relay I44its armatures I51 and I58 will be attracted thereto, resulting in ground being supplied through the two armatures and over obvious circui-ts. through the windings of the magnets 65 and 83 to separate grounded batteries.

As a result of the energization of the magnet 83 its. armature lever 8i will be attracted thereto rotating about'pivot point 82 in a clockwise direction. androtating the shutter M in a counterclockwise'direction against the urging of spring I9 to its operated position, as illustrated in Fig. 6. The. result of' such movement to the shutter I4 1sv to'allow the middle portion thereof to block the code impulse scanning but to allow scanning 12 through the openings I6 and I! of the start zone and feed marks, respectively.

As a result of the energization of the magnet 36 its armature lever 32' will be attracted thereto, resulting in the brake shoe 39 being removed from engagement with the tape 84 overlying it, and with the pressure roll 68 being brought into engagement with the constantly'rotating feed roll 4|, thereby causing the tape 84 to be fed forwardly with aspeed, commensurate with the rota tion of the feed roll 4I.

During the above interval of continuous move ment of the tape, the scanning disc 23 continues to rotate. However, as the code impulse zone may not be scanned at this time because of the operation of the shutter I4 there will be no change to the phototube GI which might cause a reoperation of the tube I34. During this. time, however, the start and feed positions are being scanned, but inasmuch as both of these are white portions, this has no effect on the tube 6| which might tend to cause a transition. It might be noted also that the disc 23 is not provided with any transparent opening which would be utilized with the stop interval in the telegraph transmission. However, even though, as the disc. 23 rotates, this portion is presented to the slot58, the photocell 6| is not afiected to cause the tube Hi4.v to become,- conducting because the transparent portion 23 of the disc 23 is scanning a white surface in the feed mark position of the tape. It might also, be noted that thetape zone assigned to, the start impulse is always white.

In the following description which includes an explanation of the various results of a black feed mark- 91- being presented to the scanning mechanism, it isto be noted that the tape 84 is provided; with a feed mark 91A, Fig. 7, which occurs in a transverse line of the tape; prior'to the line of markings: of the first code impulse. Such a mark is necessaryfor the proper operation of the apparatus as will become apparent hereinafter.

The printing of such a feed mark may be done by. slightly altering the operating mechanism of the aboveadescribed two patents to L. M. Potts so that two feed marks are printed every revolution rather than a single feed mark, one being printed prior to any code printing. Thereafter, even though two code marks are printed every time, one will merely be on top of the preceding one and thus will not have any further effect on the tape printing or operation of the present invention.

The operation of the cams I9 and 2| and the resultant pivotal movement to their respective armatures 8.5 and 8? has been touched on briefly, but it. is deemed pertinent to describe their operation, now more in detail and reiterate such operation when it affects various circuits. Accordingly, referring to Fig. 9, wherein a timing chart is-disclosed, it may be seen that the intervals have been divided according to the standard start-stop code transmission wherein there is a stop interval, a start interval, and the five code intervals 1 to 5, respectively. Thereafter, of course, the same sequence is continued until such time as transmission ceases. Accordingly, and inasmuch as shaft l3 rotates continuously, every time that the scanning disc 23 arrives at the stop interval the high portion of the cam I3 will engage the follower Iifi'causing it to be pivoted in a counterclockwise direction, Fig. 10, which moves the contact pile-up 89 in adownward direction thereby altering. certain electrical circuits, as will be described.

Inasmuch as the relay I33 has been described as being energized through its left-hand winding, its armatures I53 and I54 will be in an attracted position. This resulted due to the operation of cams I9 and 2I, as just described, and results in an electrical circuit being established which may be traced from ground, through a closed contact pair I59, over a conductor I6I, through attracted armature I53, and through the righthand winding of relay I 33. to grounded battery I62. However, inasmuch as relay I33 was already energized, this locking circuit had no effect thereon. Also, prior to the just'described operation of cam I9, a second electrical circuit was established which may betraced from grounded battery II6, over conductor II'Ito the junction point I I8, over a conductor I63, through a closed contact pair I64, over a conductor I66, through the attracted armature I54, over a conductor I61 to the junction point I22, and thence over the signaling channel I23 to the remotely located station I24. Thus, a marking on the line condition is still retained overthe signaling channel I 23 even though the relay II2 was deenergized at the time tape was inserted on the feed roll with the subsequent action of the armature II4 moving to its unattracted position. Thus, the instant circuit also has no operating effect at this time.

Referring again to the operation of the cam I9 causing the follower 86 to berotated in a counterclockwise direction, the contact pair I59 will be opened and ground will no longer be supplied to complete a circuit through the right-hand winding of the relay I33 to grounded battery I82. However, despite the removal of locking battery from the relay I33, the relay still remains energized through its left-hand winding because of the previously traced circuits.

A second circuit is also affected at this time, namely, the circuit which previously had been traced through the closed contact pair I64 and attracted armature I54 to apply marking battery to the line. However, upon the opening of contact pair I 59, a contact pair I68 will be closed which will establish a circuit which may be traced from grounded battery II6, over the conductor II! to junction point I I8, over the conductor I63, through the now closed contact pair I68, over a conductor I69 to junction point I22, and thence over the signaling channel I23 to the remotely located station I24. Thus, a marking condition still exists on the line.

As the shaft I4 further rotates and as it gets to a position near the end of the stop impulse interval, the cam 2! will no longer present its high portion to the follower 81,-a1lowing the follower to move to a clockwise position whereat the contact pair I36 will open. Upon such occurrence the circuit traced previously from battery I I6 and over the conductors I31, I39, and I42 for energizing relays I33 and I44 will be broken. However, as the relay I 33 is locked up through attracted armature I32 from armature I I4 and also through contact pair I34, the relays I33 and I44 will remain energized at this time.

Shortly thereafter, as may be seen in the timing chart, Fig. 9, the cam I9 will remove its high portion from the follower 86, allowing the follower to regain its clockwise position. At this time the contact pile-up 89 will regain its unoperated d ion, causing several circuits to be altered.

The first circuit to consider will be that controlled by opening of contact pair I68 and the closing of contact pair I64. Such contact pair changes result in battery on the line I23 no longer being supplied directly over the conductor I69, but instead through the armature I54, all as described originally.

It should be noted that the contact operator under the control of the follower 86 is not a continuous element, but that a space exists between the section controlling the upper two contact tongues and the lower contact tongue. The reason for such construction is to allow the contact pair I59 to close prior to the opening of contact pair I34.

As the contact pair I59 closes thusly, ground is once again supplied over the conductor I6I and through the attracted armatures I53 (relay I33 still energized through closed contact pair I34) to complete a locking circuit for the relay I 33. Thus, even though the contact pair I34 now opens, a circuit is still established at the armature I32 for supplying battery I I6 through unattracted armature II4 for the left-hand winding of the relay I33 and the rela I44. Thus, the relay I44 remains energized.

The operation of the scanning disc 23 will continue as described above with the cams I9 and 2| operating to make and break the described circuits each time the disc passes the stop impulse portion, with the same effects as described Assuming now, however, that the tape 84 has reached a position whereat the initial black feed mark 9I A is scanned by the feed scanning portion 29 of the disc 23, a condition will exist wherein there is a change from the white tape to the black feed mark which causes the photocell SI to be less activated because of the lesser amount of light reaching its plate. In accordance wtih the previously described circuits, the

,tube 94 will conduct, the tube I84 will conduct due to the impulse at its grid I83 resulting from the transition from white to black scanning, causing the previously described circuit to be established for the energization of the relay II2.

Accompanying this will be the extinguishing of the tube I98 through the commutating transformer III, all as described.

Upon the relay II 2 now becoming energized with the subsequent attraction of its armature H4, the circuit will be broken which previously had been established over the conductors I26, I28,

I56, I52, armature I48, and conductor I42 to the left-hand Winding of the relay I33, over the conductor I43 and through the winding of the relay I44. At this time the relay I33 will not become de-energized because the disc 23 having moved from the stop portion, the contact pair I59 once again closed to supply locking battery for the relay I33 through the right-hand winding thereof. With respect to relay I44, however, which is not supplied with any locking battery, this relay will de-energize and accordingly allow the armatures I51 and I58 to move to their unattracted positions. The result of such movement of armatures I51 and I58 is to immediately break.

the previously described energizing circuits for the magnets 83 and 66. Upon magnet 69 becoming de-energized, the pivotally mounted lever 62 is allowed to resume its normal unoperated position under the urging of spring 61, thereby throughthe slot- I3, all as shown in Fig. 5. The

armature H4 will now remain in its attracted position due to the continued energization of the relay II2 because as the tube I05 is of a gas variety it will continue to remain conducting until extinguished by a succeeding operation of the tube I03.

It should be noted that even though a code mark. might be now scanned which would cause a transition, resulting in the relay II4 being deenergized, all as described, the circuit no longer may be established for the re-energization of therelay I44 at this time over the circuit traced 25 previously through the armature we of the relay I41, for at the time the. armature II I moved to its attracted position battery was removed from the left-hand winding of the relay I47, thereby causing thisrelay to de-energize.

.As the scanning disc 23 now moves around to a position whereat its stop interval would be scanned, the cam I9 will operate as previous ly described to cause the setting up and breaking oi various of the circuits. Locking battery will be removed from the right-hand winding of the relay I33 which will not affect the relay because the cam 2| will have caused the contact pair I35 to be closed, all as previously described. Likewise, the contact pair !45 will again be closed to'cause energization of the relay I41.

Also, as described, the contact pair I36 will be closed resulting in the relay I44 becoming energized. In this case, however, the relay will not remain energized but only for a period equal to the length of closure of the contact pair I36 under control of the high portion of the cam 2!.

Such occurrence causes once again the tape feed lever 62 tobe moved to its operated position with a similar movement to the shutter I4, thus allowing the tape to be further fed and the feed marks to be scanned.

It should be noted that the contact pair I36 remains closed a sufficient period of time to allow the tape to be moved far enough so that the black feed spot will no longer be scanned but instead the white tape will be presented to the scanning mechanism. Such movement once again causes the tube I88 to become conducting as described, resulting in the armature 4 moving to its unattracted position thereby completing the circuit from battery I I6, through the left-hand winding of the relay I33 and the winding of the relay I44. Therefore, at such time as the contact pair I36 once again opens, a circuit is still-established to hold the relay I44, and thus the magnets 66 and 83, in their energizedposi- *tions.

Upon the next black tape feed mark being pre sented to the scanning mechanism which will be prior to cam I9 releasing follower 86, the circuits will be established again as described to release the tape feed lever 62 to its unoperated position and allow the shutter once again to open -to.-..al1ow. code mark scanning and prevent feed .imark scanning. 7

-.Inasmuch vasthesubweding, black. ode mark is scanned after'the contact pair I35 is opened butprior to the release oi'ithe follower 86, and as they relay, I I2,.will; energize and attractits armature, atthistime, nocircuit will be established for therelay. I.44iat.,tl is,timc,the relay I41 de-enersizing asdescribed. above. Also, upon the armaturejl IAbeing attracted no circuit may be traced through closed'contactpair I34. for the energize.- tionofithenrelay I33, and as the locking circuit is, open at contact pair I59 the relay I33 will de- .enel.gize .Markingyon the line I23 will exist at this timethrough the closed contact pair I38.

As the cam, I3 thereafter releases the follower 8,6, the closure of the locking circuit at contactpair I59 willihave no effect asarmature I53 is in, the unattracted-position. Also, the opening .oiitl'ie contactpair I68 will remove marking battery from the line I23, which will not be replaced by the, closure of; the contact pair I34 as the armature I54 is in the, unattracted position.

. As the disc 23 rotate ,s,,further, the start portion indicated. by 26 will;be advanced to scanning position which will result ina White surface of the tape being ,scanned',;the startportion always be- ;ing white .as described, and further increase activ'ationofithe photocell 6| to cause the tube I08 .now to :become conducting, causing the relay I I2 to, de-energlze,;all as described. Thus, the armature I54 isnotat'tracted and, therefore, no marking on'the line-circuit can be traced through the .contactpair I64,

Therefore, as described above, as the start interval is scanned and the armature; I.I4:-move' d to its unoperated position, no battery'at all will-be proivided for the signal chan- The disc 23 will then scansuccessively the five impulse, intervals determining whether a black, marking-condition or white, spacing condition exists-and "conditioning-the signal channel I23, accordingly; under the control of the interpretation of thephotocell' BI and the operation of one orthe otherof thegas tubes IM and I08.

The tape will continue to step in a normal cadence every timethe disc 23 makes a complete revolution, allas has'been described above. should benoted,;however, that the black portion of'the' disc assigned:- to the stop interval (between the intervaliportions 33 and 23 on the disc 23) invariably transmits'a stop, impulse because such portion results'inthesrranning of a black mark and either-causes the "tube I84 to become conducting, or.has no effectraiter this tube is already conducting, thereby allowing battery H5 to be'supplied through the attracted armature II4 to the signal channel I23. During the automatic insertion of" the stop impulse, the single photocell isutilized to scan the tape feed marks as; has been described fully hereinbefore;

At suchltime, as the last'feed mark has been scanned on the tape indicating that no more code marks are available for scanning, the transition from blackto white causes the tube H153 to become .conducting,t he relay .2 to de-energize, and the armature I'I4 to move to its unattracted position. such, of course, is conditioned by the cam 2,I causing the contact pair I36 to be closed during, thestop' impulse, after the last code signal is transmitted. -Such results in the energization of the relay I44 and of magnets 53 and 33,

,allas, initially describedand as there ar u ther code marksythe tape feed will continue to operate until such time as the tape is fed out completelyirom between the rolls 68 and M.

At the above time or after the tape leaves the scanning position the black feed roll will now be scanned causing the tube I04 to become conducting by the transition from white to black scanning, energizing the relay H2 and attracting the armature H4. Continuous marking battery will now be applied to the signaling channel I23 and the tape feed and shutter mechanism will be allowed to resume their normal unoperated position under the control of their respective springs 61 and 19.

As mentioned earlier a second type of scanning disc may be utilized in the apparatus, such as disclosed in Fig. 11. Also, as initially stated, a difierent electrical circuit will be necessary with such a disc, such circuit being illustrated in Fig. 12. Referring now to Fig. 11, the disc is indicated by the numeral HI and is provided with a plurality of impulse zones similar to those as described with respect to Fig. 2. However, in this case the various zones are formed of alternating transparent and opaque portions. The instant disc may be formed of metal with the transparent portions of each zone being formed by perforations of transparent portions therein or the disc may be transparent with the opaque portions being formed by some material to render them such. In the following description it will be assumed that the disc I1I is metal with the various zones being formed by perforations or transparent portions.

As was described with the disc 23, the disc MI is formed with a black stop portion, an alternating and opaque and transparent start portion, and similar alternating and opaque portions provided for the five impulse positions. An alternating opaque and transparent tape feed portion I12 is provided which is continuous through the 360 of the disc HI and a comparison portion I13 is provided which is also formed of alternating opaque and transparent portions through the 360 of the disc. However, with respect to the comparison portion I13, the two portions are exactly opposite as with respect to the start, code and tape feed scanning portions; that is, a transparent portion is opposite an opaque portion in the other'portions and vice versa.

It is in the instant embodiment that it is necessary to utilize a comparison zone, as has been previously mentioned. Actually, the alternating opaque and transparent spots amount to a light chopping disc so that a different electrical circuit may be utilized for the apparatus.

Referring now to Fig. 12, the electrical circuit utilized with the scanning disc of Fig. 11, is disclosed. Inasmuch as many of the elements ofv Fig. 12 are similar to and operate similarly to those disclosed and described with respect to Fig. 10, similar identifying numerals will be used in Fig. 12 in all cases Where possible.

A photocell BI is provided which receives direct current from an alternating current source I14 after it passes through a rectifier identified generally by the numeral I16. The

' photocell @I operates in the same manner as the previously described similarly numbered photocell, the difierence being in the instant example when a white portion is being scanned by any one of the code portions or by the tape feed portion a similar white zone will be scanned by the comparison portion I13 thereby resulting in no current change in the cell BI. With no current change in the cell 6|, no change will exist in the grid of the vacuum tube I18. At such time as the tube I18 is not conducting, no curent will pass through the primary of an output transformer I19, the secondary of which is connected through rectifiers IBI and I82 to the winding of a relay I 83.

'At such time as a black mark is being scanned by the code portions or tape feed portion of the disc HI, and at which time the comparison portion I13 will be scanning white, substantially all of the light reaching the photocell 6I will come from the comparison portion I13 and inasmuch as it is opposite to the other portion, an alternating current will be delivered to the amplifier tube I18 through the transformer I11. As a result of such current being supplied to the input circuit of the tube I18, it will become alternatingly conducting and nonconducting, resulting in an alternating current in the primary of the transformer I19. A similar current will be induced in the secondary of the transformer I19 which will pass through the rectifiers I81 and I82 and cause the energization of the relay I83. The relay I83 is sufiiciently sluggish so as not to de engrgize through rapid fluctuations of the tube Thus, it may be seen that with the circuit of Fig. 12, the relay I83 will be in an energized condition at such times as a black portion of the tape is being scanned and will be in a de-energized condition at such time as a white portion is being scanned, as interpreted conjointly by the comparison portion and in one of the code or tape feed portions.

It might be noted at this time that the stop portion of the disc is a continuous opaque portion and, therefore, the interpretation of the scanning between it and the comparison zone will always cause alternating current to be impressed and the relay I83 to be energized. Conversely, the start portion I 84 of the disc I1I has alternating opaque and transparent portions in exact phase opposition to the comparison portion I13 and, therefore, every time that the start impulse is scanned a direct current will result, thereby causing the relay I83 to assume its de-energized condition.

The relay I83 controls an armature I86 which is similar to the armature II4 of the relay IIZ, all described in Fig. 10. Inasmuch as all of the remaining portions of the electrical circuit of Fig. 12 are similar and operate similarly to those described with respect to Fig. '10, there is no necessity for repeating either a description of the circuits or of the operation of the apparatus. It is believed that a full understanding of the circuit operation of Fig. 12 may be had by reference to the operation of Fig. 10, the upper portion of the circuit only being substituted for the upper portion of the circuit of Fig. 10.

If it is at all times desired to utilize a narrow tape such as illustrated in Fig. '7 which provides tape feed and code impulse zones only, as distinguished from the wider tape of Fig. 8 utilizing a start zone for Fig. 10 or a start and a comparison zone for Fig. 12, it is necessary only to provide a white surface on the tape feed roll II of a width equal to the two zones. Such is readily possible as both the start and comparison zones are always white, there being no black indicating marks appearing on them at all. Even though such a white portion indicated a comparison zone or portion it would not have any effect 1. with the circuit of Fig. 10, as the scanning disc is 23 is not provided with any portion to scan such a zone.

While a specific embodiment of the invention has been described fully and two alternate circuits have been disclosed, it is to be understood fully that the invention is not restricted to the specific elements illustrated and described but instead that these are illustrative only of an apparatus which might be constructed within the scope and spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. In a photoelectric transmitter, adapted to be controlled by a control form bearing permutation code indicia and form advancing indicia, form advancing means, and means for scanning said permutation code indicia while said form is stationary and for scanning said form advancing indicia while said form is advancing under the control of said form advancing means.

2. In a telegraph transmitter, adapted to be controlled by a tape having an initial blank portion followed by a portion bearing code indicia, code interpreting means, means to continuously advance said tape while said blank portion is presented to said code interpreting means, and means to intermittently advance said tape while said code indicia portion as distinguished from said initial blank portion is presented to said code interpreting means.

3. In a telegraph transmitter, adapted to be controlled with a record tape bearing tape feed control marks and permutation code signal marks, tape advancing means, means to scan both said tape feed control marks and said permutation code signal marks, means to continuously advance said tape in the absence of tape feed control marks under the control of said tape advancing means, and means to stop the advancement of said tape in the presence of tape feed control marks, said scanning means scanning said permutation code signal marks while said tape is stationary. I I

4. In a telegraph transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape having an initial blank portion, followed by a portion bearing code indicia and having a terminating blank portion, code interpreting means, means to continuously advance said tape while said initial blank portion is presented to said code interpreting means, and means to intermittently advance said tape While said code indicia portion as distinguished from said blank portions is presented to said code interpreting means, said means to continuously advance said tape thereafter operating to continuously advance said tape While said terminating blank portion is presented to said code interpreting means.

5. In a photoelectric transmitter adapted to be controlled by material carrying groups of code marks and tape feed control marks, each group corresponding to a code signal, a continuously rotating scanning disc, intermittent material advancing means controlled by said scanning disc scanning the tape feed control marks, and means for causing said scanning disc to interpret said groups of code marks when said material is stationary only.

6. In a telegraph transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape bearing feed control marks and code signal marks, a single means for scanning both said feed control marks and code signal marks, and means to prevent said scanning means from scanning said feed control marks while scanning said code signal marks and vice versa.

'7. In a start-stop telegraph transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape bearing feed control marks and code signal marks, means to scan said feed control marks and said code signal marks, means to transmit the scanning interpretation of said code signal marks, means to prevent the scanning of said code signal marks during the scanning of said tape feed control marks, and means for causing said transmitting means to transmit a stop impulse during the scanning of said feed control marks.

8. In a photoelectric transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape bearing feed control marks and code signal marks, a constantly operating tape feed roll, scanning means for scanning said feed control marks and code signal marks, and means to preclude advancement of said tape by said tape feed roll during the scanning of said code signal marks by said scanning means and to advance said tape by said tape feed roll during the scanning of said feed control marks by said scanning means.

9. In a photoelectric transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape having printed code signal marks and tape feed control marks, means including a scanning disc for scanning said printed code signal marks and tape feed control marks, means controlled by said scanning disc for retaining said tape in a stationary condition during the scanning of said code signal marks, and means controlled by said scanning disc under the control of said tape feed control marks for invariably initiating advancement of said tape after the scanning of said code signal marks.

10. In a photoelectric transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape having groups of printed code marks and tape feed control marks, each group'representing a character, means including a scanning disc for scanning said groups of code marks while said tapeis in a stationary condition, means controlled by said scanning disc under the control of said tape feed marks for invariably initiating advancement of said tape after the scanning of a group of said code marks, and means controlled by said scanning disc for stopping the advancement of said tape upon the next of'said group of code marks reaching the scanning position.

11. In a photoelectric transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape bearing tape feed control marks and code signal marks, a single scanning means, a constantly rotating tape feed roll, a pressure roll for causing said tape to engage said feed roll for advancement, means to cause said pressure roll to engage said feed roll invariably after the scanning of said code marks to advance said tape, a tape stop brake, and means to cause said tape stop brake to engage said tape and said pressure roll to be'released from engagement with said feed roll upon the scanning of the succeeding of said tape feed control marks.

12. ,In a photoelectric transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape having a feed control zone, a code signal zone, a startimpulse zone, and a comparison zone, a single means to scan all of said zones, and means to control the initiation of start-stop code signals and advancement of said tape by the conjoint scanning of all of said zones.

13. In a photoelectric start-stop transmitter adapted to be controlled by a tape bearing feed in a stationary condition during the scanning of said code signals, means to invariably insert a stop impulse irrespective of said tape, and means to advance said tape during the scanning of said feed control marks and said start impulse zone.

14. In a photoelectric scanning device adapted to be controlled by a record form bearing form feed control marks and code signal marks, a scanning disc, record form advancing means, means for advancing said record form continuously under the control of said record form advancing means until a form feed control mark is scanned by said scanning disc, and means for thereafter holding the record form stationary for a predetermined interval, said scanning disc scanning the code signal marks on the record form during such interval.

15. In a photoelectric transmitter for generating start-stop telegraph signals and adapted to be controlled by a record form bearing start code marks, record feed marks and code signal marks, a scanning disc, means controlled by said scanning disc for generating the start code marks and the code signal marks through the scanning 22 of the record form, means controlled by said scanning disc for generating stop impulses invariably and irrespective of the record form at predetermined intervals, and means controlled by said scanning disc for advancing the record form intermittently during the generation of the stop impulses and under the control of the scanning of said record control feed marks.

MARTHA W. C. POTTS, Executrizr Under the Last Will and Testament of Louis M. Potts, Deceased.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,177,077 Potts Oct. 29, 1939 2,183,559 Green Dec. 19, 1939 2,382,251 Parker et al Aug. 14, 1945 2,397,202 Potts Mar. 26, 1946 2,455,443 Sarnoff Dec. 7, 1948 2,468,462 Rea Apr. 26, 1949 Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,565,266 August 21, 1951 LOUIS M. POTTS, Deceased, by Martha V. C. Potts, Executrix It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 1, line 5, for previously read previous; column 4:, line 11, for dsc read disc; column 7, line 43, strike out The utility disc 23.; column 19, line 31, for with read by; column 21, line 21, after record insert control and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oliice.

Signed and sealed this 6th day of November, A. D. 1951.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant. Commissioner of Patents.

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,565,266 August 21, 1951 LOUIS M. POTTS, Deceased, by Martha W. O. Potts, Executrix It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 1, line 5, for previously read previous; column 4, line 41, for dsc read disc; column 7, line 43, strike out The utility disc 23.; column 19, line 31, for with read by; column 21, line 21, after record insert control and that the said Letters Patent should beread as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed this 6th day of November, A. D. 1951.

[SEAL] THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Oommz'ssz'oner of Patents. 

